“Cinnabar,” Lovelock, Pershing Co., Nevada, USA. © Rob Lavinsky, www.iRocks.com. Used with permission.
Magnificent red cinnabar is extremely soft and fragile, so faceted material is rare. It’s cut primarily for collectors and carvings.
The International Gem Society (IGS) has a list of businesses offering gemstone appraisal services.
| Cabochons | All sizes |
| to /ct |
| Data | Value |
|---|---|
| Name | Cinnabar |
| Crystallography | Hexagonal. Usually massive, fine grained; crystals are prismatic or rhombohedral and characteristically twinned, especially those from China. |
| Refractive Index | 2.905-3.256 |
| Colors | Scarlet red, brownish red, brown, black, gray. |
| Luster | Adamantine to submetallic; massive varieties dull, earthy. |
| Hardness | 2 - 2.5 |
| Wearability | Poor |
| Fracture | Fracture conchoidal to uneven |
| Specific Gravity | 8.09 |
| Birefringence | 0.351 (very large). |
| Cleavage | Perfect 1 direction |
| Dispersion | Over 0.40. |
| Luminescence | None. |
| Luminescence Present | No |
| Transparency | Transparent crystals, rare. Translucent to opaque. |
| Absorption Spectrum | Not diagnostic. |
| Formula | HgS |
| Optics | o = 2.905; e = 3.256. Uniaxial (+). |
| Optic Sign | Uniaxial + |
| Etymology | Unknown, possibly from Sanskrit. |
| Occurrence | Cinnabar is a mineral of low temperature ore deposits; also in veins, igneous rocks, and around hot springs. Crystals are very rare. |
Cinnabar: Charcas, Mexico (1.37). Photo © Joel E. Arem, PhD, FGA. Used with permission.
Cinnabar carvings from China appear regularly on the market but aren’t abundant. Be advised that people have used this material to make a red pigment since antiquity. Some so-called “cinnabar carvings” you may find are actually wood pieces painted with cinnabar lacquer.
Chicken blood stone’s red color is due to the presence of cinnabar. Jadeite may also contain traces of this mineral.
Although commonly associated with the color red, specimens may range from brown to gray and even black.
“Cinnabar Beads,” carved lacquer beads, by Pschemp. Licensed under CC By-SA 3.0.
Hunan Province, China yields the world’s finest crystals. Crystalline cinnabar is very rare.
Other notable sources include:
“Cinnabar on Dolomite,” Tongren Mine, Tongren, Guizhou, China. © Rob Lavinsky, www.iRocks.com. Used with permission.
Cut specimens are extremely small, normally less than 3 carats. Some rough exists that might cut up to 50 carats. Fine transparent Chinese crystals are unlikely to be cut, since they’re extremely valuable as mineral specimens.
Gem cutters can make cabochons up to several inches in size from massive cinnabar.
“Cinnabar,” Culver-Baer Mine, North Fork Little Sulfur Creek, Sonoma Co., California, USA. Crystal needles in matrix. © Rob Lavinsky, www.iRocks.com. Used with permission.
Cinnabar contains mercury. Avoid inhaling dust or fumes and wash your hands after working with this material, especially massive specimens. See the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry profile on mercury for more information.
Since cinnabars have a hardness of 2, store any jewelry separately from other stones to avoid contact scratches. Clean only with a soft brush, mild detergent, and warm water. Consult our gemstone jewelry cleaning guide for more recommendations.
“Dim Sum Necklace – Front Detail,” hand-carved cinnabar pendant with jade disc, by Christopher, Tania, and Isabelle Luna. Licensed under CC By 2.0.
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