Indochinite (656-755 ka, Pleistocene; Australasian Tektite Strewn Field, Guangdong, China) by James St. John, on Flickr
Natural Glass Value
Libyan Desert Glass is rare, Tektites are somewhat rare, Obsidian is common except in fancy colors.
- Obsidian Highest values go to rare colors, the closer the stone is to transparent the higher the value. Faceted stones highest. Chatoyant somewhat higher. All others are close to the same value, with cutting costs greater than material cost.
- Tektites Size, transparency, color, and quality of cutting.
- Libyan Desert Glass Size, transparency, color, and quality of cutting.
The International Gem Society (IGS) has a list of businesses offering gemstone appraisal services.
Natural Glass Information
| Data | Value |
|---|---|
| Name | Natural Glass |
| Is a Variety of | Glass |
| Varieties | Macusanite, Obsidian, Apache Tears, Fire Obsidian, Mahogany Obsidian, Rainbow Obsidian, Sheen Obsidian, Snowflake Obsidian |
| Stone Sizes | Tektites to ~25 carats, obsidian and Libyan Desert Glass often weigh several pounds |
| Heat Sensitivity | Yes |
| Formula | Primarily silicon |
| Colors | Obsidian: black, brown, gray, sometimes spotted or banded. Rarely, red, green, orange, blue, purple. Moldavite: yellowish to grayish green. Libyan desert glass: light yellow to greenish yellow. |
| Fracture | Conchoidal |
| Hardness | 5-6 |
| Cleavage | None |
| Wearability | Poor |
| Crystallography | Amorphous. |
| Refractive Index | Varies by type of natural glass, 1.46-1.69. See Gem Listings for specific varieties. |
| Birefringence | None |
| Luminescence | Not diagnostic. |
| Luminescence Present | No |
| UV Long | Not diagnostic. |
| UV Short | Not diagnostic. |
| Absorption Spectrum | Not diagnostic. |
| Pleochroism | None. |
| Luster | Vitreous. |
| Polish Luster | Vitreous. |
| Specific Gravity | 2.20-3.00 (See chart below). |
| Enhancements | None. |
| Transparency | Transparent to Opaque |
| Phenomena | Iridescence and chatoyancy (Obsidian); others none. |
Forms of Natural Glass used in Jewelry
Glass comes in several natural forms; all of these are all used in jewelry:
Obsidian is the most common natural glass. It is formed by volcanism and large pieces are common. It is frequently cut into cabochons and carved. The broken edges are sharper than any steel knife, so it is also used for scalpels, arrow heads, knives and scrapers.
Tektites
Tektites are created by meteorites striking the earth. The heat of the impact melts local sand, creating natural glass and scattering it over a wide area. The best known tektite is Moldavite, which is found in the CzechRepublic. Other tektites are found in several locations around the world.
Bubbles are common and numerous in tektites. It is very challenging to facet a stone and not have any breaking the surface. If a bubble reaches the surface on the pavilion, it has a minimal effect on value, based on how visible it is. On the crown it is conceded a significant blemish and greatly reduces value.
Libyan Desert Glass
The source of Libyan Desert Glass is a mystery. It is a transparent, light yellow glass that is usually faceted.
Mount Saint Helens
Mount Saint Helens glass is relatively new to the market. While there are reports of natural glass being found in the lava flows, that is not what is being sold. The ash is melted and coloring agents are added. This is not a natural product, although it does have a special romance that is not found with other glasses.
Natural glasses have the same bubbles and swirl lines of man made glass. (See Identifying Inclusions.) Its optical and physical properties are the same as untreated glass. However, most of our glass simulants have additives that raise their RI and SG above natural glass. Natural glass is also likely to have mineral inclusions that are not found in man made material. (See Identifying Characteristics.)
Properties
Obsidian
| Source | Hardhigh | Hardlow | SGhigh | SGlow | RIhigh | RIlow | Birefringence | O | Dispersion |
| Natural | 6 | 5 | 3.00 | 2.25 | 1.69 | 1.480 | – | A | – |
Moldavite
| Source | Hardhigh | Hardlow | SGhigh | SGlow | RIhigh | RIlow | Birefringence | O | Dispersion |
| Natural | 5.5 | 5 | 2.40 | 2.32 | 1.69 | 1.480 | – | A | – |
Libyan Desert Glass
| Source | Hardhigh | Hardlow | SGhigh | SGlow | RIhigh | RIlow | Birefringence | O | Dispersion |
| Natural | 5.5 | 5 | ~2.20 | ~2.20 | ~1.46 | ~1.46 | – | A | – |
Colors
Obsidian, black, brown, gray, sometimes spotted or banded. Rare, red, green, orange, blue, purple
Moldavite, yellowish to grayish green
Libyan Desert Glass, light yellow to greenish yellow
Identifying Characteristics
Obsidian gas bubbles frequently elongated, crystallites, (small nearly crystalline shaped mineral inclusions,) stubby needle like inclusions. May be banded or have closely oriented inclusions that cause sheen.
Moldavite gas bubbles, swirl lines, roiled effect
Libyan Desert Glass irregularly shaped gas bubbles, tiny rounded grains
Variety and Trade Names
- Apache Tears Rounded pieces of obsidian, usually transparent to translucent and gray or brown.
- Banded Obsidian has curved bands
- Mahogany Obsidian has brown bands in black or gray base, resembling wood grain
- Onyx Obsidian has straight banding
- Rainbow Obsidian shows iridescent colors
- Sheen Obsidian has a gold or silver sheen when viewed under proper lighting
- Snowflake Obsidian had white or light gray inclusions resembling snowflakes, on dark gray or black base
Misnomers
Obsidian
Fire pearl, agni mani, glass agate, Montana or mountain jet, mountain mahogany, Nevada diamond or topaz, tokaylux diamond, Iceland agate.
Moldavite
Bohemian chrysolite, false chrysolite, glass chrysolite, glass meteorite, pseudo chrysolite .
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