Step 3: Practical Gemology

Lesson 16

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The Immersion Method

Setting Up

This inspection process is simple. First, you need a substage, diffused light source. A microscope, polariscope, or even a flashlight will do. If you don’t have a frosted glass plate, simply lay a tissue over the light.

Next, place a small glass beaker over the light and fill it partially with an immersion or refraction fluid. Choose a liquid with a refractive index (RI) close to that of the test stone. For example, methylene iodide has an RI of 1.74, ideal for corundum stones like ruby and sapphire.

Keep in mind that many immersion fluids can be harmful. Although safer alternatives may be available, always exercise caution.

Immersion Fluids

Use the following chart to find a good immersion liquid for your gem.

Immersion Fluids RI
Water 1.33
Alcohol 1.36
Corn oil 1.47-1.48
Olive oil 1.44-1.47
Glycerin oil (glycerol) 1.47
Almond oil 1.45-1.47
Clove oil 1.53-1.54
Wintergreen oil 1.54
Anise oil 1.54-1.56
Cinnamon oil 1.59-1.62

Examine Your Gem

Once you’ve set up your equipment, immerse the gem in the fluid and examine it.

When you put a stone in a liquid with the…