Adamite: Ojuela Mine, Mapimi, Mexico (0.86). Photo © Joel E. Arem, PhD, FGA. Used with permission.
Although adamite occurs in many localities, it’s very rarely cut as a gem. This mineral is much too soft and fragile for jewelry. However, collectors prize its intense fluorescence.
| Data | Value |
|---|---|
| Name | Adamite |
| Colors | Colorless; yellowish green, yellow in various shades (contains Fe); pale green, bluish green, green (contains Cu); rose and violet shades (color zoned, contains Co); purple (contains Mn). |
| Crystallography | Orthorhombic; crystals elongated or equant; druses, radial aggregates, and spheroids on matrix. |
| Refractive Index | 1.708-1.773 |
| Luster | Vitreous |
| Hardness | 3.5 |
| Fracture | Subconchoidal to uneven |
| Specific Gravity | 4.32-4.68 (red-violet) |
| Birefringence | See "Identifying Characteristics" below. |
| Cleavage | Good 1 direction |
| Dispersion | Strong |
| Luminescence | Intense green in SW, LW; also lemon yellow in SW. |
| Luminescence Present | Yes |
| Luminescence Type | UV-Long, UV-Short |
| Transparency | Translucent to transparent. |
| Absorption Spectrum | Not diagnostic. |
| Formula |
Zn2(AsO4)OH + Co, Cu. |
| Pleochroism |
Colorless/ blue-green/yellow-green. Pale rose/ pale rose/ pale purple. Pink/ pale rose/colorless. |
| Optics |
Biaxial (+/-); 2V = 15° (Cu. Var.) to 88°. See “Identifying Characteristics” below. |
| Optic Sign | Biaxial +, Biaxial - |
| Etymology |
After Gilbert-Joseph Adam, the Parisian mineralogist who supplied the first specimens for study. |
| Occurrence |
Secondary mineral in the oxidized zone of ore deposits. |
“Cuprian Adamite – 2009 04 19 – 4742,” Tsumeb, Namibia, on display at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, by thisisbossi. Licensed under CC By-SA 2.0.
Adamite forms a series, as the zinc (Zn) analogue, with olivenite, the copper (Cu) analogue. This series has a distinct, intermediate member known as zincolivenite. (Don’t confuse olivenite with olivine).
The presence of numerous impurities can create various colors in adamites. For example, iron (Fe) can cause yellow hues. Cuprian (Cu bearing) varieties show green hues. Cobalt (Co) bearing specimens can show rose or purple/violet hues. Manganoan or manganese (Mn) bearing specimens may have purple/violet colors as well as pink and lavender.
Adamites can have an intense green fluorescence under either shortwave (SW) or longwave (LW) ultraviolet light. They may also show lemon yellow fluorescence under SW.
This specimen shows dozens of “pinwheel” adamite crystals on gossan matrix and intense neon green fluorescence. “Adamite,” Ojuela Mine, Mapimi, Durango, Mexico, 10.5 x 9.3 x 6.2 cm. © Rob Lavinsky, www.iRocks.com. Used with permission.
Due to wide variations in composition, optical properties can vary significantly.
| Locality |
α |
β |
γ |
Birefringence |
| Mapimi, Mexico (reddish) |
1.712 |
1.736 |
1.760 |
0.048 |
| Mapimi, Mexico (rose) |
1.710 |
1.735 |
1.759 |
0.049 |
| Mapimi, Mexico (violet) |
1.710 |
1.735 |
1.758 |
0.048 |
| Mapimi, Mexico (green) |
1.722 |
1.742 |
1.763 |
0.041 |
| Tsumeb, Namibia (Cu) |
1.742 |
1.768 |
1.773 |
0.031 |
| Tsumeb, Namibia (Co) |
1.722 |
1.738 |
1.761 |
0.039 |
| Laurium, Greece |
1.708 |
1.734 |
1.758 |
0.050 |
This cuprian specimen contains traces of cesium (Cs) as well as the rare-earth elements cerium (Ce) and dysprosium (Dy). “Adamite (cuprian and REE enriched) with Smithsonite,” Hilarion Mine, Laurium, Attiki Prefecture, Greece, 6.0 x 5.7 x 2.4 cm. © Rob Lavinsky, www.iRocks.com. Used with permission.
Scientists have used synthetic specimens of the adamite-olivenite series for spectroscopy research. However, there is no known jewelry use for this material.
None known.
The Ojuela Mine in Mapimi, Mexico produces fine sprays of crystals in limonite matrix.
Tsumeb, Namibia also produces fine crystals, sometimes colored purple by cobalt.
Laurium, Greece yields specimens often containing copper, in lovely blue and green shades.
Other notable sources include:
Violet crystals, noted up to 1 cm long and transparent, would yield stones up to about 1-2 carats. Green material, usually not clean, would provide only small faceted gems (1-3 carats).
Adamites have a low hardness of 3.5 and good cleavage. Thus, they make less than optimal pieces for jewelry use. You’ll find these stones more likely in gem collections as crystal specimens than in jewelry collections. See our gemstone jewelry cleaning guide for care recommendations.
“Manganoan Adamite and Lotharmeyerite,” Ojuela Mine, Mapimí, Mun. de Mapimí, Durango, Mexico, by Didier Descouens. Licensed under CC By-SA 3.0. (Here, lotharmeyerite occurs as tiny, dark red crystals).
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